Aorta tortuous - In case with a highly tortuous descending aorta, a special type of descending aortic aneurysm may occasionally develop. 1 In this report, an unusual type of descending aortic aneurysm is presented. The aneurysm’s main body was in the right thoracic cavity. Because the main body of the aneurysm was not visible through the surgical field ...

 
Atherosclerosis of aorta. I70.0 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM I70.0 became effective on October 1, 2023. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of I70.0 - other international versions of ICD-10 I70.0 may differ.. Sofi money market

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a commonly encountered disease that is defined as aortic dilation with an increase in diameter of at least 50% greater than the expected age- and sex-adjusted size. Thoracic aortic aneurysms are described by their size, location, morphology, and cause. Primary care clinicians and other noncardiologists are often the first point of contact for patients with TAA ...The proximal descending thoracic aorta was extremely tortuous and accompanied by a local narrowing, a pseudo-coarctation at the level of the ligamentum arteriosum. No additional aneurysms were detected within the CTA. The patient was immediately transferred to our aortic expertise center for emergency repair. Download : …Aortoiliac occlusive disease refers to narrowing or blockages in your lower aorta and iliac arteries. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause. Symptoms include leg pain during exercise and erectile dysfunction. Your provider may recommend lifestyle changes or medications. Some people need surgery or a procedure to help their blood flow better.Descending aorta: Long, straight segment that runs from your chest (thoracic aorta) to your abdominal area (abdominal aorta). What are the aorta’s branches? Many smaller blood …2 days ago ... 這種建議帶孩子到醫院眼科詳檢排除異常情況即可。 如何保護眼白? 摄图网提供蓝眼白猫卡通图图片下载,用户可以在这个图片网站找到:蓝眼白猫卡通图图片,蓝 ...Several heart disorders can lead to mild cardiomegaly: High blood pressure: High blood pressure (hypertension) is the most frequent cause of an enlarged heart. High blood pressure makes it harder for your heart to pump blood to the rest of your body. To understand this connection, it will help to think of your heart as a muscle.Adderall is not an approved treatment for depression, but some people use it to relieve symptoms. Here's what the research says. People typically take Adderall for ADHD and narcole...OSI, TAWSS, and RRT results of the outer walls distal to the tortuous DA for the generated model from PT.3 (a) and (b) show the OSI results of the descending aorta model with the tortuosity of 1.02 and 1.22; (c) and (d) show the TAWSS results of the descending aorta model with the tortuosity of 1.02 and 1.22; (e) and (f) show the RRT results of ...Apr 23, 2019 · The descending thoracic aorta (DTA) was analyzed and was divided into four zones of equal length. Subjects were divided into three groups based on their maximum tortuosity value: low (< 30°), moderate (30° - 60°) and high (> 60°). A linear regression model was built to test the effect of age and gender on tortuosity. Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is characterized by widespread elongation and tortuosity of the aorta and mid-sized arteries as well as focal stenosis of segments of the pulmonary arteries and/or aorta combined with findings of a generalized connective tissue disorder, which may include soft or doughy hyperextensible skin, joint hypermobility, inguinal hernia, and diaphragmatic hernia ...Aortic coarctation (ko-ahrk-TAY-shun) is a narrowing of the aorta. It forces the heart to pump harder to move blood through the aorta. Coarctation of the aorta is generally present at birth (congenital heart defect). Symptoms can range from mild to severe. The condition might not be detected until adulthood.Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. The aortic knob or knuckle refers to the frontal chest x-ray appearance of the distal aortic arch as it curves posterolaterally to continue as the descending thoracic aorta. It appears as a laterally-projecting bulge, as the medial aspect of the aorta cannot be seen separate from the mediastinum.All patients had sliding hiatal hernias; these hiatal hernias, and the esophagitis and disordered motility seen in our patients, could be a consequence of esophageal displacement by the tortuous aorta. Two patients were relieved symptomatically with antacids and metoclopramide. Thus, tortuosity of the thoracic aorta can cause esophageal chest pain. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. An infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm is a type of abdominal aortic aneurysm. In fact, aneurysms in this area (just below the kidneys) are the most common type and location for abdominal aortic ...Aortic dissection is a serious condition in which there is a tear in the wall of the major artery carrying blood out of the heart (aorta). As the tear extends along the wall of the...Case. An 87-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation, a history of deep venous thrombosis, and a long smoking history was admitted with progressive shortness of breath and productive cough of 2 days’ duration with subjective fevers and chills. Vital signs on admission included a respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min and oxygen saturation of 89% ...Find 48 different ways to say TORTUOUS, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.Note that the aorta becomes increasingly tortuous as people age. Sometimes, the sidewall of a tortuous aorta can appear similar to an intraluminal clot. This is further reason to image the aorta in two orthogonal axes, as pathology is usually visible in both axes. Post-Endovascular Graft AssessmentThe descending thoracic aorta (DTA) was analyzed and was divided into four zones of equal length. Subjects were divided into three groups based on their maximum tortuosity value: low (< 30 ̊), moder-ate (30 ̊ – 60 ̊) and high (> 60 ̊). A linear regression model was built to test the effect of age and gender on tortuosity.TOE may make oblique measurements when the descending aorta is elongated or tortuous. To avoid this overestimation, aortic diameter measurement by TOE should be attempted only when circular sections are obtained. Measurements of descending thoracic aorta in short axis and of the aortic arch in long axis are recommended.A tortuous aorta (meaning excessively twisted and turned) is often seen in older people. Although this is a sign of aging, it may not mean that it is causing or will cause any problems.The aortic valve is between the lower left heart chamber and the body's main artery (aorta). Aortic valve calcification is a condition in which calcium deposits form on the aortic valve. These deposits can cause the valve opening to become narrow. Severe narrowing can reduce blood flow through the aortic valve — a condition called aortic ...Anatomy of the thoracic aorta — The aorta is the major arterial conduit conveying blood from the heart to the systemic circulation. It originates immediately beyond the aortic valve and ascends initially, then curves, forming the aortic arch, and descends caudally adjacent to the spine.Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection: This type of tear begins farther down the aorta (descending aorta beyond the arch), and farther from the heart. Like the type A dissection, this usually extends from the descending aorta into the abdominal segment (abdominal aorta), but doesn’t involve the first part of the aorta in the front of the chest.Aortic valve stenosis — or aortic stenosis — is a type of heart valve disease (valvular heart disease). The valve between the lower left heart chamber and the body's main artery (aorta) is narrowed and doesn't open fully. This reduces or blocks blood flow from the heart to the aorta and to the rest of the body.Apr 23, 2019 · The four equal zones of the descending thoracic aorta– 4A to 4D. Scatterplot by SPSS software of the maximum tortuosity in degrees. This scatterplot shows how to divide the normal tortuosity in degrees. Most patients have a maximum tortuosity < 30°, so the cut-off point between low and moderate tortuosity is 30°. A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a weakened area in the main artery in the chest that may widen and rupture. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of this …An abdominal aortic aneurysm is an enlarged area in the lower part of the body's main artery, called the aorta. The aorta runs from the heart through the center of the chest and belly area, called the abdomen. The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body. An abdominal aortic aneurysm that ruptures can cause life-threatening bleeding.Since tortuous aorta causes palpitations, this may only be the first complaint by the patients with this aortic abnormality. Nevertheless, tortuous aorta has also been thought to cause pain due to dislocated esophagus, seeing that the vessel’s twistings can thrust the normal position of the esophagus.Tortuous aorta. Description, Causes and Risk Factors: The aorta is the main artery of the body that exits the heart and delivers blood to every organ of our body. A tortuous aorta is a twisting or distortion of the aorta that brings on the narrowing or constriction of that vessel, which can cause blood flow to be blocked.The remainder of the aorta to the level of the diaphragm is classed as the thoracic aorta . However, as the reader will see in subsequent sections, pathologies may manifest with multiple lesions throughout this great vessel. 1.3 Function of the Aorta. The aorta is a conduit carrying blood from the mechanical cardiac pump to the branching …Arterial tortuosity syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disease characterized by elongation, tortuosity, and aneurysmal formation of the large and middle-sized arteries sometimes associated with stenosis of the pulmonary arteries and/or aorta. We present three cases of severe arterial tortuosity with different manifestations.Newer approaches to CT imaging of the aorta include dual-energy CT (DECT) that uses both low-energy (i.e., 80–100 kVp tube potential) and high-energy (140 kVp) photons when acquiring data – this is becoming more widely available for aortic imaging. It can be used for quantifying aortic calcification, thus enabling identification of …Chest X-ray demonstrated a widened mediastinum and prominent aortic knob suggesting thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) or tortuous aorta. CT scan demonstrated a TAA of the ascending aorta (AA) measuring 4.2 cm without compression of the trachea, bronchus, or esophagus . Patient was recommended to follow-up with a subsequent …Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a commonly encountered disease that is defined as aortic dilation with an increase in diameter of at least 50% greater than the expected age- and sex-adjusted size. Thoracic aortic aneurysms are described by their size, location, morphology, and cause. Primary care clinicians and other noncardiologists are often the first point of contact for patients with TAA ...The aorta, the great artery, is the largest artery of the human body and carries oxygenated blood ejected from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation. It is divided into: thoracic aorta. ascending aorta. aortic arch.The descending aorta is normally a straight conduit vessel, although some degree of aortic kinking or tortuosity is not uncommon, especially in the elderly population. 16 – 18 Aortic kinking or tortuosity is linked to the multifactorial effect of aging, hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, or genetic defects. 19Aorta tortuosity might be another parameter to consider in clinical decision making, in particular in patients with borderline indications for surgery and genetic aortopathies. 26 Finally, imaging of the aortic branches, looking for dilation/dissections in mid-sized arteries, is particularly recommended in some genetic aortopathies [related to ...Noting the length, tortuosity, and condition of the iliac arteries is important; in 5–46% of cases, aneurysmal disease extends into the iliac system . When reviewing a CTA of the aorta for preoperative planning, one should take note of the number and location of the renal arteries as well as the presence of a retroaortic left renal vein . The ...The descending thoracic aorta (DTA) was analyzed and was divided into four zones of equal length. Subjects were divided into three groups based on their maximum tortuosity value: low (< 30°), moderate (30° – 60°) and high (> 60°). A linear regression model was built to test the effect of age and gender on tortuosity.Tortuous aortic arch. Q25.46 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Q25.46 became effective on October 1, 2023. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of Q25.46 - other international versions of ICD-10 Q25.46 may differ.Dec 14, 2022 · Thoracic aorta. The thoracic aorta begins where the left ventricle ends at the aortic valve and continues down through the chest. A weakening of the artery wall in this region is called a thoracic aortic aneurysm. A healthy aorta is about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters [cm]) wide, or about the diameter of a garden hose. TOE may make oblique measurements when the descending aorta is elongated or tortuous. To avoid this overestimation, aortic diameter measurement by TOE should be attempted only when circular sections are obtained. Measurements of descending thoracic aorta in short axis and of the aortic arch in long axis are recommended.410-955-5000 Maryland. 855-695-4872 Outside of Maryland. +1-410-502-7683 International. Coarctation of the aorta is an abnormal narrowing of the aorta. The aorta is the large blood vessel that exits the heart. Transcatheter repair is a type of procedure that can treat the aorta without the need for open heart surgery. Overview. The aorta is the body’s main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The section of the aorta that starts with the aortic valve in the heart and goes to the diaphragm is called the thoracic aorta. The part of the aorta that extends from the diaphragm through the abdomen is called the abdominal aorta. A disorder that affects connective tissue and causes abnormal twists and turns of the arteries. Learn about the symptoms, inheritance, genetics, and complications of this …500 results found. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code Q25.29 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Other atresia of aorta. Atresia of aorta. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code Q25.1 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Coarctation of aorta. Abdominal aortic coarctation; Coarctation abdominal aorta; Postductal coarctation of aorta; Preductal coarctation of aorta; Coarctation of ...This surgery generally involves removing part of the aorta damaged by the aneurysm. The section of aorta is replaced with a synthetic tube, called a graft, which is sewn into place. Full recovery may take a month or more. Aortic root surgery. This type of open-chest surgery is done to treat an enlarged section of the aorta to prevent a rupture.Health Topics. Aortic Aneurysm. Your Aorta: The Pulse of Life. Understanding the aorta and its job in circulation. The aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from your heart …Abnormal vascular structures like a severe tortuous thoracic aorta occasionally can be confused with a lung mass or neoplasm. The most common cause of aortic disease mimicking lung mass on CXR is an aortic aneurysm (1). Some cases have reported an intervention or even an operation being performed. The symptoms of …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Summary. Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by lengthening (elongation) and twisting or distortion (tortuosity) of arteries throughout the body. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. Affected arteries are prone to developing balloon-like bulges ...Arterial tortuosity syndrome is an extremely rare congenital connective tissue condition disorder characterized by tortuosity, elongation, stenosis, or aneurysms in major and medium-size arteries including the aorta. It is associated with hyperextensible skin and hypermobility of joints, however symptoms vary depending on the person.Because ATS …Widening of the mediastinum is a common observation that may be related to patient body habitus or atherosclerotic dilatation of the aorta and great vessels, but there may also be urgent causes such as aortic dissection or traumatic aortic injury. Less urgent but serious conditions that widen the mediastinum include acute mediastinitis ...Adderall is not an approved treatment for depression, but some people use it to relieve symptoms. Here's what the research says. People typically take Adderall for ADHD and narcole...The aorta is the body’s main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The section of the aorta that starts with the aortic valve in the heart and goes to the …Anatomy of the thoracic aorta — The aorta is the major arterial conduit conveying blood from the heart to the systemic circulation. It originates immediately beyond the aortic valve and ascends initially, then curves, forming the aortic arch, and descends caudally adjacent to the spine.A tortuous aorta (meaning excessively twisted and turned) is often seen in older people.Although this is a sign of aging, it may not mean that it is causing or will cause any problems. However it can indicate an increased risk for other aortic diseases, such as aortic aneurysm.Overview. Coarctation of the aorta Enlarge image. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It moves oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Aortic coarctation …1 Mar 2021 ... Computed tomography demonstrated an extremely tortuous, S-shaped descending aorta and ... Aleksandra Gąsecka et al., TAVI in tortuous aorta.The biggest artery is the aorta, running from your chest to your abdomen. If fats, cholesterol, and other substances begin building up inside your arteries, that causes hard lesions, called plaque ...Tortuosity of the thoracic aorta on chest radiographs is characteristic of atherosclerotic disease. Aging and hypertension are associated with the tortuosity, but little is known about the influence of other atherosclerotic risk factors on this abnormality. The purpose of this study was to examine which atherosclerotic risk factors are ...Abstract. The patient was a 76-year-old woman with an atypical descending thoracic aortic aneurysm due to a highly tortuous descending aorta. The surgical approach in this case required special consideration because of the aneurysm’s location. The main body of the aneurysm was in the right thoracic cavity. Descending thoracic aorta ...Thoracic aortic aneurysms are bulges (dilations) in the wall of the aorta in the part that passes through the chest (thorax). Thoracic aortic aneurysms may not cause symptoms, or they may cause pain, coughing, and wheezing. Thoracic aortic aneurysms sometimes rupture, which causes excruciating pain (beginning high in the back and spreading down ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Very easy. Easy. Moderate. Difficult. Very difficult. Pronunciation of Tortuous Aorta with 1 audio pronunciations. 0 rating. Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced it. …The aorta begins to descend in the thoracic cavity and is consequently known as the thoracic aorta. After the aorta passes through the diaphragm, it is known as the abdominal aorta. The aorta ends by dividing into two major blood vessels, the common iliac arteries and a smaller midline vessel, the median sacral artery.Arterial tortuosity syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disease characterized by elongation, tortuosity, and aneurysmal formation of the large and middle-sized arteries sometimes associated with stenosis of the pulmonary arteries and/or aorta. We present three cases of severe arterial tortuosity with different manifestations.Depending on your situation, your provider can do aortic surgery by: Splitting your breastbone ( open-heart surgery ). Opening your abdomen or opening your chest and abdomen together, splitting your ribs (open aortic surgery). Relining your artery with a stent graft by going through blood vessels in your groin (minimally invasive or ...As elastin fibres in the aorta deteriorate with age, the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) becomes longer and more tortuous. In patients with DTA aneurysms, this increased tortuosity may result in a hostile haemodynamic environment for thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The objective of this study was to analyse how …Having an aneurysm in the aorta in the chest (thoracic aortic aneurysm) or in another large blood vessel, such as the artery behind the knee, might increase the risk of an abdominal …Jun 1, 2019 · Tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta is increased in Type B dissection patients who develop enlarging thoracoabdominal aneurysms or ruptures . Tortuosity may reflect pathologic remodeling in response to progressive structural compromise of the vascular media due to genetic mutations, atherosclerosis or hemodynamic stress. Arterial tortuosity of the aortic branch vessels and specifically the head and neck vessels (Fig. 4) is a common finding in a number of hereditary aortopathies and therefore should be screened for with appropriate imaging modality (typically MRA of the whole aorta and head and neck vessels).Having an aneurysm in the aorta in the chest (thoracic aortic aneurysm) or in another large blood vessel, such as the artery behind the knee, might increase the risk of an abdominal …7 days ago ... Mildly Tortuous Aorta Treatment. Tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta: Normal values by … Renal artery stenosis (RAS) (plural: stenoses) ...The aortic valve is located between the bottom left chamber of your heart, the left ventricle, and the main artery that leads away from your heart, the aorta. The valve is made of three flaps of tissue, called leaflets, that swing open when blood pushes against them.Computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrated an enlarged, tortuous aorta (Fig. 2). The diameters of the ascending thoracic aorta, the descending thoracic aorta, and the proximal abdominal aorta were 7 cm, 6 cm, and 5.3 cm, respectively. There was an intramural thrombus at the level of the descending aorta.

Results. Tortuosity and helicity were higher whereas TKE, velocity, and Reynolds number were lower in Old than in Young, for all aortic regions (p < 0.05) except for helicity in the descending aorta.Tortuosity correlated positively with helicity and negatively with TKE for all aortic regions (Spearman rho=±0.45–±0.72, p < =0.002) except for TKE …. Is the iraqi dinar being revalued

aorta tortuous

Aortic valve calcification is a condition in which calcium deposits form on the aortic valve in the heart. These deposits can cause narrowing at the opening of the aortic valve. This narrowing can become severe enough to reduce blood flow through the aortic valve — a condition called aortic valve stenosis. Aortic valve calcification may […]The extreme tortuosity of the descending aorta is clearly visible in the CT-images both in a coronal view, with an acute angle of 75°, and in the sagittal view, with an acute angle calculated of 95° (Figure 1 A–D). As recommended by our oncologist team, an aortic valve replacement is a mandatory procedure in the special case of a patient ...What is tortuous aorta? A tortuous aorta may be characterized as a twisted, curved, enlarged or narrowed blood vessel of the heart. An underlying cause of the distorted shape may be due to a build up of fatty tissue that collects on the walls of the vessels or, it may be a finding from birth. When a weak area of your thoracic aorta expands or bulges, it is called a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Approximately 25 percent of aortic aneurysms occur in the chest and the rest occur in the abdomen. Thoracic aneurysms affect approximately 15,000 people in the United States each year. TAAs are serious health risks because they can burst or ... Enlargement of the thoracic aorta is an increasingly recognized condition that is diagnosed incidentally on imaging studies performed to evaluate unrelated conditions. Most patients with TAA have no symptoms. Aneurysms that produce symptoms are typically very large and are at an increased risk for rupture, which is associated with high ...Summary. Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by lengthening (elongation) and twisting or distortion (tortuosity) of arteries throughout the body. Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. Affected arteries are prone to developing balloon-like bulges ...500 results found. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code Q25.29 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Other atresia of aorta. Atresia of aorta. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code Q25.1 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Coarctation of aorta. Abdominal aortic coarctation; Coarctation abdominal aorta; Postductal coarctation of aorta; Preductal coarctation of aorta; Coarctation of ...Dilation of the ascending aorta entails a high risk of dissection or aortic rupture in the absence of surgical treatment. Overall, it represents 50% of all thoracic aneurysms, but can be separated into two distinct entities, according to aetiology and surgical management: (1) the aortic root aneurysm, concerning the initial portion, the so called “aortic root”, that …The aortic valve is located between the bottom left chamber of your heart, the left ventricle, and the main artery that leads away from your heart, the aorta. The valve is made of three flaps of tissue, called leaflets, …Currently, noninvasive imaging of the thoracic aorta cannot distinguish the intima from the media, but the pattern of calcification may alert the clinician to an underlying diagnosis 20, 21.Although there is overlap in the pathology of neointimal and medial calcification 21, 22, patchy calcification may indicate more typical atherosclerosis.. …Tortuosity of the thoracic aorta on chest radiographs is characteristic of atherosclerotic disease. Aging and hypertension are associated with the tortuosity, but little is known about the influence of other atherosclerotic risk factors on this abnormality. The purpose of this study was to examine w …It isn’t just where you end up that counts, it’s how you got there and what happened along the way. The notion that math and writing ought to be taught in a similar way feels simul...Clinical Significance. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries oxygen-filled blood from the heart to different organs in the body. The aorta starts at the heart’s left ventricle, arches upwards towards the neck, then curves back downward, extending into the abdomen. Learn more about the important role the aorta plays in the …The thoracic aorta is the most superior division of the aorta and is divided into three sections: ascending aorta. aortic arch. descending aorta. The thoracic aorta begins at the aortic valve, located obliquely just to the left of the midline at the level of the third intercostal space. It terminates as it exits the thorax to enter the abdomen ...Global view of 3-D rendered image of aorta in thoracic and abdominal part with extremely tortuous course of the thoracic aorta. Uneven caliber of the pulmonary artery is observed (empty arrow). The other group of vessels affected in ATS is that of pulmonary arteries which tend to show areas of narrowing and dilatation.Aorta: A tortuous aorta may have no symptoms. If there are symptoms they generally relate to obstructed blood flow related to the tortuosity. The symptom would depend on what wasn't getting good flow or perhaps some compression caused in adjacent organ by the tortuosity. Answered 12/17/2020. 4.6k views.Aortic dissection is a serious condition in which there is a tear in the wall of the major artery carrying blood out of the heart (aorta). As the tear extends along the wall of the...The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed a severe strain on healthcare systems worldwide and is now affecting all hospitals in the United States. 1 As of this writing in early April 2020, most large medical centers in the United States have either restricted or completely cancelled elective surgical procedures, including cardiovascular …Since tortuous aorta causes palpitations, this may only be the first complaint by the patients with this aortic abnormality. Nevertheless, tortuous aorta has also been thought to cause pain due to dislocated esophagus, seeing that the vessel’s twistings can thrust the normal position of the esophagus..

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