The Duncan Rhodes Painting Academy, or DRPA for short, is a Membership site where you can come and learn to paint your favourite miniatures. Whether you are a beginner or even an experienced miniature painter, the Duncan Rhodes Painting Academy will teach you all the techniques you need to know to paint any model you desire.Learn about the Academic Art movement, a 19th-century style of realism and idealism influenced by the European art academies. Discover the characteristics, influences, …To note, before you go buying the Academic Painting, it’s important for you to check whether it’s real or the fake one. Well, to know if it’s real or fake, you can see the appearance of the painting. Here’s how to know! Arts’ Name: Academic Paintings. Buy Price: 4.980 Bells. Sell Price: 1,245 Bells.History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than any artistic style or specific ... ("Fireman art") was a derisory term for official academic historical painting, and in a final phase, "History painting of a debased sort, scenes of brutality and terror, purporting to illustrate episodes from Roman and ... Academic Institutions: The academic approach to painting was closely associated with established art academies and institutions, which provided rigorous training and upheld strict standards of artistic excellence. These institutions played a significant role in shaping the style and subject matter favored by academic painters. Mar 8, 2017 · The French Academy (as it is known in art history circles) decided on the "official" art for France. It set the standards under the supervision of a select group of member artists, who were deemed worthy by their peers and the State. The Academy determined what was good art, bad art, and even dangerous art! The French Academy protected French ... The Birth of Venus (1863) by Alexandre Cabanel, located in the Musée d’Orsay in Paris, France; Alexandre Cabanel, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Just after this painting, he created the famous painting, Fallen Angel.Another extremely well-known and respected piece of art that Cabanel painted was The Birth of Venus (1863), …Academism arose within the walls of art academies — the institutions that were created under the patronage of state rulers and influential clergy who aimed, first of all, to bring … The academic painting is a piece of artwork available in New Horizons. It can be bought from Jolly Redd's Treasure Trawler and donated to the museum. As it is sold by Redd, the player should keep in mind that they may be purchasing a forgery. The academic painting is based on the Vitruvian Man, made by Leonardo da Vinci in about 1490. It is accompanied by notes based on the work of the Roman ... • Academic painting was art that was acceptable to the Royal Academy as described by Sir Joshua Reynolds in his lecture series called the Discourses. • The Royal Academy of Arts was founded in 1768 and it exerted an enormous influence over the development of art during the nineteenth century.Artwork produced in 19th-century France that reflects the teachings of the École des Beaux-Arts, the Parisian state-sponsored art academy. Prioritizing draftsmanship over painting, the school taught students to employ fine line work and soft, blended shading in their drawings. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres’s drawings, such as his portrait of Mrs. Charles …published 29 July 2021. Brace yourself: 2021's most unexpected interior craze has arrived, in the shape of Cluttercore's moody maximalist sister, Dark Academia. This popular trend is rooted in showcasing dark-toned walls and a myriad of diverse quirky treasures, think Hogwarts but with a lot more style. Despite its slightly spooky ambiance, we ...Learn about the Academic Art movement, a 19th-century style of realism and idealism influenced by the European art academies. Discover the characteristics, influences, …A better curriculum that is more responsive to global trends of sustainable design, universal design and environmental design. A centre of quality and competitive design research, … Academic Institutions: The academic approach to painting was closely associated with established art academies and institutions, which provided rigorous training and upheld strict standards of artistic excellence. These institutions played a significant role in shaping the style and subject matter favored by academic painters. The Enlightenment. Dare to Know. 1685 – 1815. Bring great art home. Shop Obelisk prints. Meet 24 Academic artists and Explore 50 Academic artworks and writings, and discover more movements in art history.Figure Drawing, the Academic Method - The Florence Academy of Art Characteristics of academic art. Understanding the characteristics of academic art is important because it has had an impact on the art world. Academic art has emerged as a new form of art due to the diversity of art forms. Rationality. The Academy made a concerted effort to promote "intellectual" forms of artistic expression. Find a list of greatest artists and collections associated with Academic Art at Wikiart.org – the best visual art database. Academic Art is the painting and sculpture produced under the influence of the Academies in Europe and especially France, where many artists received their formal training. It is characterized by its highly polished style, its use of mythological or historical subject matter, and its moralistic tone. Academic art, or academicism or academism, is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, which was practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that …166 Jo Kirby, Ashok Roy, Paul Delaroche: A Case Study of Academic Painting 176 Joyce H. Townsend, Painting Techniques and Materials of Turner and Other British Artists 1775-1875 186 Stephen Hackney, for Art's Sake: The Materials and Techniques of James McNeill Whistler (1834-1903) 191 John R. Gayer, Painting on a Photographic Substrate: NotesDec 25, 2009 · The roots of academic art in France were long and deep and were integral to the tradition of painting in the École des Beaux-Arts, as well in as the provincial academies. In fact, within the art circles in France, classicism was considered almost a national characteristic, that in painting, was equated with the “grand manner” of Nicholas ... Academic Art is the painting and sculpture produced under the influence of the Academies in Europe and especially France, where many artists received their formal training. It is …The Oxford Art Journal Essay Prize for Early Career Researchers is an annual award, launched in 2018. The Prize welcomes entries on any topic relevant to art history from British and international doctoral students, as well as early career researchers who are within five years of gaining their PhD. Find out more.i. Tribal Paintings ii. Company Paintings iii. Bengal School of Painting iv. Miniature Paintings 1 4. The painting ‘Nand, Yashoda, and Krishna with kinsmen going to Vrindavan’ reflecting the leadership qualities of a youth by voluntarily taking responsibilities at a crucial moment is painted by Miniature Artist: i. Nihalchand ii. NuruddinAcademic Art Fans Of... 1348x999 0 0. Special Moment Acade... 551x750 0 0. Surface Fragments Th... 1000x1430 0 0. LIMITED OFFER: Save 15% off Shutterstock Images - PAINT15 coupon. Tags: academic. All rights to paintings and other images found on PaintingValley.com are owned by their respective owners (authors, artists), and the …Nov 9, 2021 · Animal Crossing: New Horizons real vs. fake painting differences. Academic Painting ("Vitruvian Man” by Leonardo Da Vinci) — The fake copy has tea or coffee stains in the top-right corner. Aug 21, 2022 · Redd Appearing Time. Art List. Art guide on how to tell Academic painting is fake art or real art in Animal Crossing New Horizons Switch (ACNH). Tips on how to spot Redd's forgery and buy the original work. Academic art, or academicism or academism, is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, which was practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that followed these two movements in the attempt to ... List of All Art. Here's a list of all 43 artworks in Animal Crossing: New Horizons! Click on any of the names to see their real and fake versions: All Paintings and Statues. Academic Painting. Amazing Painting. …Contemporary Academic Realism. Contemporary paintings created in a realistic manner and using traditional techniques to illustrate subjects or scenes so accurately that they closely resemble the observed world. Painters working in this vein often undergo rigorous training in methods that date back centuries, including lessons in anatomy, figure ...In academic writing, taking an abstract approach is less appropriate for producing journal articles or theses to the required standard. Abstract painting may have its parallel in free-style writing, journaling, or blogging, but most academic writing follows a certain structure based on the expectations of reviewers or examiners.Lastly, the Academic ranking system reflected each category's display value. History painting was the largest and most suitable genre for public disply, followed by portraiture, genre-works and landscapes, while still life canvases were typically the smallest and executed for domestic viewing only. Controversy William-Adolphe Bouguereau (French pronunciation: [wiljam adɔlf buɡ(ə)ʁo]; 30 November 1825 – 19 August 1905) was a French academic painter.In his realistic genre paintings, he used mythological themes, making modern interpretations of classical subjects, with an emphasis on the female human body. 15 – Easy Mushrooms painting. The fly agaric is the most popular mushroom to paint. It can be as part of a fairy tale with a Dwarf on top of it, or a more natural look of a mushroom. Be original, try other mushrooms too. My mom sends me dozens of pictures of mushrooms every fall so I have many to choose from haha.History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than any artistic style or specific ... ("Fireman art") was a derisory term for official academic historical painting, and in a final phase, "History painting of a debased sort, scenes of brutality and terror, purporting to illustrate episodes from Roman and ...Nov 30, 2022 · Academic art, also known as fireman art, is an artistic movement of the mid-19th century. It is expressed in a strong interest in historical themes and orientalism. Indeed, academic art is characterised by precise and determined guidelines from the nineteenth century. The first was the hierarchy of genres. French art salons and academies. From the seventeenth century to the early part of the twentieth century, artistic production in France was controlled by artistic academies which organized official exhibitions called salons. In France, academies are institutions and learned societies which monitor, foster, critique and protect French cultural ...At the Cleveland Institute of Art, our department of Painting has a long and illustrious history of producing successful artists. As a Painting major, you will acquire an indepth knowledge of painting as a studio practice as well as a broad knowledge of the visual arts. At the core of our coursework is an understanding of what it takes to be a ...Pablo Picasso in his Montmartre studio, 1908, via The Guardian (left); with Young Georges Braque in his studio, via Art Premier (right). The western road to Cubism started in 1904 when Paul Cézanne ’s views of Mont Sainte-Victoire disrupted traditional perspective with his use of color to suggest form. In 1905, artist Maurice de Vlaminck …ART 337 - Method and Materials in Painting. The Art Department’s drawing and painting courses are offered in large studios with natural lighting and good ventilation in Salve Regina Hall. Shared studio space is offered to senior art majors. Drawing and Painting students are prepared for independent artistic practice or graduate school.Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. The work of art: plein air painting and artistic identity in nineteenth-century France (PDF) The work of art: plein air painting and artistic identity in nineteenth-century France | Anthea Callen - Academia.eduAcademic painting. A kind of painting that respects all the rules dictated by the academies of the arts, the “guardians” of the artistic tradition who rigidly uphold the classical norms of representation. Let us bear in mind that the academies arose at a time where the subjectivity of the artists, their particular way of seeing the universe ...Madrid Academy of Art is an international art academy certified by the Art Renewal Center, dedicated to the practical and technical teaching of drawing, painting, and sculpture. Dear aspiring artist, We understand. Creating art is hard. Really hard. You're probably wondering how to give depth to your drawings,The Education of Achilles by the Centaur Chiron by Auguste-Clément Chrétien, dated 1861. The Salon. The greatest celebration of Academic art was the annual Paris Salon — the official art exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts. The Salon was highly competitive, and its jury strict and conservative. Salon paintings were juried to …It mattered a great deal to Francis Bacon that making his paintings felt open, fluid, and intuitive: ‘I don’t want the work to be hazy, but I work in a kind of haze of sensations and feelings and ideas that come to me and that I try to crystallise.’ 1 The process was inaccessible to external scrutiny in the sense that it involved the ...Find a list of greatest artists and collections associated with Academic Art at Wikiart.org – the best visual art database.The literati painting or wenrenhua (文人畫) is the ideal form of the Chinese scholar-painter who was more interested in personal erudition and expression than in literal representation or an immediately attractive surface beauty. First formulated in the Northern Song period (960–1127)—at which time it was called shidafuhua (士大夫畫, scholar …The painting is thought to depict a daughter of either Adolf or Justus Lieser. A painting by the Austrian artist Gustav Klimt that was believed lost for the past 100 years, is to be …What the real-life painting looks like: Academic Painting: The Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci : Fake has stain in the top right corner: Amazing Painting: The Night Watch by Rembrandt: Academic art, or academicism or academism, is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, which was practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that followed these two movements in the attempt to ... Learn anywhere with our online instructional video, where principal instructor Fernando Freitas takes you through a step-by-step process of the stages of painting in the tradition of the French Academic ateliers. Starting with the imprimatura, the drawing stage, dead colour, first painting, then finally second painting, students will gain a ... The Nude in Baroque and Later Art. The Salon and the Royal Academy in the Nineteenth Century. Students of Benjamin West (1738–1820) Thomas Eakins (1844–1916): Painting. Woodcut Book Illustration in Renaissance Italy: Venice in the 1490s. France, 1800–1900 A.D. Figure Drawing, the Academic Method - The Florence Academy of ArtThe Aga Khan Academy provides an outstanding academic education and enables students to obtain the best results. Although the Nursery School does not have a …The French Academy of Fine Arts ( Academie des Beaux-Arts) is the premier institution of fine art in France. The brainchild of painter, designer and art theorist Charles Le Brun (1619-90), the Academy was founded in 1648 as the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture ( Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture ).Academic Realism is a style that is a naturalistic representation of an object rather than a conceptual art based on an idea. It is greatly influenced by the European academies of art. In India, it was developed in the mid-19th century when art schools took initiative in training craftsmen with the aim of teaching fine arts rather than ...Impressionist works broke all the rules of academic painting, as freely-brushed colors took precedence over lines and contours. Artists also captured realistic, ordinary scenes from modern life often outdoors and unplanned, in contrast to still lifes, portraits and landscapes previously being painted in studios. The Enlightenment. Dare to Know. 1685 – 1815. Bring great art home. Shop Obelisk prints. Meet 24 Academic artists and Explore 50 Academic artworks and writings, and discover more movements in art history. The five categories of fine art painting, listed in order of their official ranking or importance, are as follows: 1. History Painting. Religious, historical or allegorical work, with a moral message. 2. Portrait Art. Includes individual, group or self-portraits. 3. Genre Painting. Academic art, or academicism or academism, is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, which was practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that followed these two movements in the attempt to ... Whether in France, England, Germany, Italy, Spain, America or anywhere in the modern world during the 1800s, the entire nature and way in which art was taught was in direct …3 days ago · How to identify academic art? 1. Idealized life in a pastoral landscape, similar to that found in Rococo art, makes a comeback. But paintings don’t feature aristocrats anymore, only members from the poor, lower classes. Look for beautiful, barefoot peasant girls, brimming with youth and innocence, e.g. 4/24/2024 12:48 PM PT. TMZ/Getty. Owen Wilson wants nothing to do with a movie leaning into the idea O.J. Simpson was innocent of the infamous '94 murders -- …Victorian painting. Victorian painting refers to the distinctive styles of painting in the United Kingdom during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901). Victoria's early reign was characterised by rapid industrial development and social and political change, which made the United Kingdom one of the most powerful and advanced nations in the ...Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. The work of art: plein air painting and artistic identity in nineteenth-century France (PDF) The work of art: plein air painting and artistic identity in nineteenth-century France | Anthea Callen - Academia.eduIn this online painting course, you'll learn a traditional approach to oil painting or acrylic painting. Working with a professional artist, you'll study a time-honored approach to painting that enables you to capture …Nov 9, 2021 · Animal Crossing: New Horizons real vs. fake painting differences. Academic Painting ("Vitruvian Man” by Leonardo Da Vinci) — The fake copy has tea or coffee stains in the top-right corner. The French Academy of Fine Arts ( Academie des Beaux-Arts) is the premier institution of fine art in France. The brainchild of painter, designer and art theorist Charles Le Brun (1619-90), the Academy was founded in 1648 as the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture ( Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture ).166 Jo Kirby, Ashok Roy, Paul Delaroche: A Case Study of Academic Painting 176 Joyce H. Townsend, Painting Techniques and Materials of Turner and Other British Artists 1775-1875 186 Stephen Hackney, for Art's Sake: The Materials and Techniques of James McNeill Whistler (1834-1903) 191 John R. Gayer, Painting on a Photographic Substrate: NotesOur Academic Art paintings are 100% hand-painted on canvas by skilled artists: Filter. Sort by: Display. items per page. 1 2 3... Fallen Angel. Alexandre Cabanel. Item No. 80188. Sale: From $529.00 $264.50. Young Page in Florentine Garg also known as The Sword-Bearing Page. Alexandre Cabanel. Item No. 80208 ...Basic features and characteristics of Academic Art were laid down by the French Academy, stated below: • Rationality: It considered fine art to be an intellectual discipline, involving a high degree of reason, thus the “rationality” of a painting was all-important. Such rationality was exemplified by a work’s subject-matter, its use of ...The constitution of the Musée du Luxembourg’s collection formed therefore an integral part of the official Fine Arts system of the 19 th century. Pupils of Ingres, a recognized master, were well-liked: a painting by Théodore Chassériau, Le Tepidarium , was purchased in 1853.At the Salon, academic tradition was closely followed, but renewed itself in order to …Salvator Rosa's A Rocky Coast, With Soldiers Studying A Plan was painted in the late 1640s. A 17th Century painting that was stolen from an Oxford university art …Annibale Carracci, An Allegory of Truth and Time (1584–85), an allegorical history painting relying very little upon realism. Velázquez, portrait painting of Pope Innocent X, c. 1650 A genre painting. Adriaen van Ostade, Fishmonger, 1660–1670, oil on oak, 29 × 26.5 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest. A landscape. Themistokles von Eckenbrecher, View of …Coverage: 1850 to 1969. Covers nearly 300 art history periodicals from the mid-1850s through the 1960s with access points that include artists, artworks, private and public collections, exhibitions, and reproductions in a broad range of European languages.Learn anywhere with our online instructional video, where principal instructor Fernando Freitas takes you through a step-by-step process of the stages of painting in the tradition of the French Academic ateliers. Starting with the imprimatura, the drawing stage, dead colour, first painting, then finally second painting, students will gain a ...French Paintings of the 19th Century. Edouard Manet. The Railway, 1873. Gift of Horace Havemeyer in memory of his mother, Louisine W. Havemeyer. 1956.10.1. View all 19th-Century French paintings. As the …The principles Academic painting was based on are labelled “prejudices” and even “retardations” that should be replaced by a more expressive way of painting (Niculescu 1956, 132). Presenting Academism as an unfortunate influence over Grigorescu‟s painting, Niculescu sees a proof of Grigorescu‟s definitive departure from that manner ...Zurich University of the Arts offers degree courses in painting, drawing, photography, video and the moving image, installation art, sculpture, performance, sound, language, digitality, and aesthetic theory. During their BA in Art & Media and the MA in Fine Arts students experiment with and deepen their personal approach to artistic and theoretical practices, …May 12, 2020 · All paintings, including the Academic Painting, can be bought from Redd for 4,980 Bells, regardless of whether they are real or fake. Real and Fake Differences . A successful academic painter, his 1863 painting The Birth of Venus is one of the best known examples of 19th-century academic painting. The picture was bought by the emperor Napoleon III; there is also a smaller replica (painted in 1875 for a banker, John Wolf) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. It was given to them by Wolf in ...Academic Art Training in Intensive Modules. Drawing Excellence and Sequentially Progressive Modules. No particular experience is required: ... “As a cautious lawyer trying to improve my painting skills I thoroughly researched short …Academic Catalog. Departments Reporting to President's Office; Faculty of Architecture; Faculty of Arts and Sciences; ... THEA211 PAINTING. Course Code: 6430211: METU Credit (Theoretical-Laboratory hours/week): 3(3-1) ECTS Credit: 5.0: Department: Music And Fine Arts: Language of Instruction: English:Academic Painting and Sculpture. Key Points. Key Terms. Academic Architecture. Beaux-Arts architecture expressed the academic neoclassical architectural …The Enlightenment. Dare to Know. 1685 – 1815. Bring great art home. Shop Obelisk prints. Meet 24 Academic artists and Explore 50 Academic artworks and writings, and discover more movements in art history.Published on June 19, 2020 / Updated on October 14, 2023. Email: [email protected] / Phone: +44 7429 011000. Alexandre Cabanel's Fallen Angel (l'ange dechu), from 1847, has gained something of a cult status in recent years. It remains the French Academic artist's most famous painting of all.The Impressionist method of painting was a major challenge to the academic art style, and eventually the modern art movement pushed academic art aside. Despite this change, in 2011 most art schools still use some of the …
At the Cleveland Institute of Art, our department of Painting has a long and illustrious history of producing successful artists. As a Painting major, you will acquire an indepth knowledge of painting as a studio practice as well as a broad knowledge of the visual arts. At the core of our coursework is an understanding of what it takes to be a .... Phoenix sky harbor to las vegas
Painting is a visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a ... The word 'style' in the latter sense has fallen out of favor in academic discussions about contemporary painting, though it continues to be used in popular contexts. Such movements or classifications include ... Academy of art, in the visual arts, institution established primarily for the instruction of artists but often endowed with other functions, most significantly that of providing a place of exhibition for students and mature artists accepted as members. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, a. The Enlightenment. Dare to Know. 1685 – 1815. Bring great art home. Shop Obelisk prints. Meet 24 Academic artists and Explore 50 Academic artworks and writings, and discover more movements in art history. Academic art, whose standard was ancient classical art, the European tradition, and historical subjects rendered predominantly in painting and sculpture, retained sway through the nineteenth century, and was sustained by its presence at the world’s fairs that proliferated in the West from the 1850s. The academic painting is a piece of artwork available in New Horizons. It can be bought from Jolly Redd's Treasure Trawler and donated to the museum. As it is sold by Redd, the player should keep in mind that they may be purchasing a forgery. The academic painting is based on the Vitruvian Man, made by Leonardo da Vinci in about 1490. It is accompanied by notes based on the work of the Roman ... Dec 25, 2009 · The roots of academic art in France were long and deep and were integral to the tradition of painting in the École des Beaux-Arts, as well in as the provincial academies. In fact, within the art circles in France, classicism was considered almost a national characteristic, that in painting, was equated with the “grand manner” of Nicholas ... Learn anywhere with our online instructional video, where principal instructor Fernando Freitas takes you through a step-by-step process of the stages of painting in the tradition of the French Academic ateliers. Starting with the imprimatura, the drawing stage, dead colour, first painting, then finally second painting, students will gain a ...Drawing incorporates a wide array of materials and explores gesture, mark making, the construction of visual space, as well as symbol and storytelling. In Painting classes, you will explore colour use, paint application, tools and techniques along with the formal language of painting and its use in abstract, figurative and hybrid/expanded modes.Nov 9, 2021 · Animal Crossing: New Horizons real vs. fake painting differences. Academic Painting ("Vitruvian Man” by Leonardo Da Vinci) — The fake copy has tea or coffee stains in the top-right corner. 166 Jo Kirby, Ashok Roy, Paul Delaroche: A Case Study of Academic Painting 176 Joyce H. Townsend, Painting Techniques and Materials of Turner and Other British Artists 1775-1875 186 Stephen Hackney, for Art's Sake: The Materials and Techniques of James McNeill Whistler (1834-1903) 191 John R. Gayer, Painting on a Photographic Substrate: Notes• Academic painting was art that was acceptable to the Royal Academy as described by Sir Joshua Reynolds in his lecture series called the Discourses. • The Royal Academy of Arts was founded in 1768 and it exerted an enormous influence over the development of art during the nineteenth century.Painting majors at RISD engage in an individual search for meaning and cultural representation by honing strong visual skills, critical reasoning and an understanding of broad historical and social contexts. Faculty embrace a wide range of aesthetic attitudes and offer flexible programs, while openly examining, exchanging, challenging and ...painting curriculum should be to provide students with an opportunity to explore natural and man made objects, situations and subjects to learn about the elements and principles of painting while enjoying their creative expression through different mediums and techniques. The course consists of (i) Painting theory and (ii) Painting practicals.The Enlightenment. Dare to Know. 1685 – 1815. Bring great art home. Shop Obelisk prints. Meet 24 Academic artists and Explore 50 Academic artworks and writings, and discover more movements in art history. Academic art, or academicism or academism, is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, which was practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and the art that followed these two movements in the attempt to ... .